Currently applicable asylum procedures at the border in view of implementing the Pact on Migration and Asylum

Understanding how current border procedures function across Member States has become increasingly important, as the EU prepares to introduce a common asylum procedure at the external borders by 2026 under the EU Pact on Migration and Asylum. This EMN inform provides a comparative overview of the systems now in place under the Asylum Procedures Directive, outlining national legal frameworks, responsible authorities, procedural timelines, and key grounds for admissibility and in‑merits examinations. It highlights variations in the use of detention or alternatives, the application of the Dublin procedure, and safeguards for applicants with special reception or procedural needs. The inform also identifies common operational challenges such as fluctuating arrival numbers, limited capacity, and the need for specialized staff, alongside good practices including strong inter‑agency coordination and structured vulnerability assessments. By mapping these diverse approaches, the EMN inform offers evidence‑based insights that can support policymakers in preparing for the transition to the new mandatory EU border procedure.