Trafficking in human beings – the international dimension

Trafficking in human beings is a serious human rights violation affecting vulnerable third-country nationals across Europe, driven by cross-border criminal networks, digital exploitation and complex migration dynamics. Addressing it effectively requires coordinated action and strong victim-centred systems.
The publication provides insight into recruitment patterns, identification challenges, referral mechanisms and protection measures across 25 EMN Member and Observer Countries. It highlights data gaps, differences in national approaches and promising practices for multi-agency cooperation. The analysis aims to support efforts in Austria and other Member States to strengthen early identification, cross-border collaboration and rights-based protection frameworks.